secular changes

JOANNE : So are you betting on secular versus cyclical changes?

所以,你在赌这一长期而又相对周期性的变革?

Long-term changes, what analysts refer to as "secular transformations," are inherently challenging.

分析家称之为“世界转型”（secular transformations）的长期改变本身就是困难的。

High frequency components were filtered out from monthly mean time series by the use of Gauss filter which has a reliable technical function, and then linear regression was applied to estimate the secular trends in RSL changes.

并设计了技术性能可靠的高斯滤波器，对月均验潮序列进行低通数字滤波，由低通序列进行一元线性回归分析来确定海平面的变化趋势。

But Mr Erdogan's critics view the changes as a final assault on Ataturk's secular republic.

但是埃尔多安的反对者认为,这次修宪是对凯末尔世俗共和国最终的侵犯.